首页期刊简介编委会编辑部过刊浏览征稿简则期刊信息下载中心欢迎订阅 English

引 en

双水平井斜井段导向钻井快速磁测距计算方法

刁斌斌
，高德利
，穆凡
，张森

1. 中国石油大学(北京)石油工程教育部重点实验室,北京 102249；

A fast magnetic-ranging calculation method for steerable drilling in bulid-up section of twin parallel horizontal wells

DIAO Binbin
， GAO Deli
， MU Fan
， ZHANG Sen

1. Key Laboratory for Petroleum Engineering of Ministry of Education in China University of Petroleum(Beijing), Beijing 102249 , China；

作者简介:

刁斌斌(1983-),男,副研究员,博士,硕士生导师,研究方向为油气井力学与控制工程。E-mail:diaobinbin@126.com。

中图分类号:TE21

文献标识码:A

文章编号:1673-5005(2021)02-0071-07

DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1673-5005.2021.02.008

全文
评论
参考文献
出版信息

参考文献 1

BUTLER R M,STEPHENS D J.The gravity drainage of steam-heated heavy oil to parallel horizontal wells [J].Journal of Canadian Petroleum Technology,1981,20(2):90-96.

查找原文

参考文献 2

林晶,宋朝晖,罗煜恒,等.SAGD 水平井钻井技术[J].新疆石油天然气,2009,5(3):56-60.LIN Jing,SONG Zhaohui,LUO Yuheng,et al.SAGD horizontal well drilling technology [J].Xinjiang Oil & Gas,2009,5(3):56-60.

查找原文

参考文献 3

杨睿,关志刚,蒋刚,等.新疆风城油田SAGD平行水平井钻井技术[J].石油机械,2009,37(8):79-82.YANG Rui,GUAN Zhigang,JIANG Gang,et al.Drilling technology of dual horizontal wells for SAGD of Fengcheng oilfield,Xinjiang [J].China Petroleum Machinery,2009,37(8):79-82.

查找原文

参考文献 4

万亿,张祖海,盛春明,等.风城油田重18井区浅层SAGD双水平井钻井技术[J].探矿工程(岩土钻掘工程),2016,43(3):41-44.WAN Yi,ZHANG Zuhai,SHENG Chunming,et al.Shallow dual horizontal well drilling technology for SAGD in Zhong18 well area of Fengcheng Oilfield[J].Exploration Engineering(Rock & Soil Drilling and Tunneling),2016,43(3):41-44.

查找原文

参考文献 5

何万军,木合塔尔,董宏,等.风城油田重37井区SAGD开发提高采收率技术[J].新疆石油地质,2015,36(4):483-486.HE Wanjun,MUHE Taer,DONG Hong,et al.EOR technologies of SAGD development in Zhong-37 wellblock,Fengcheng Oilfield,Junggar Basin[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2015,36(4):483-486.

查找原文

参考文献 6

袁士义,王强.中国油田开发主体技术新进展与展望 [J].石油勘探与开发,2018,45(4):657-668.YUAN Shiyi,WANG Qiang.New progress and prospect of oilfields development technologies in China[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2018,45(4):657-668.

查找原文

参考文献 7

KUCKES A F,HAY R T,MCMAHON J,et al.New electromagnetic surveying/ranging method for drilling parallel horizontal twin wells[R].SPE 27466,1996.

查找原文

参考文献 8

GRILLS T L.Magnetic ranging technologies for drilling steam assisted gravity drainage well pairs and unique well geometries—a comparison of technologies [ R ].SPE 79005,2002.

查找原文

参考文献 9

NEKUT A G,KUCKES A F,PITZER R G.Rotating magnet ranging—a new drilling guidance technology [R].SPE CIM-01-01-MS,2001.

查找原文

参考文献 10

陈若铭,陈勇,罗维,等.MGT 导向技术在SAGD双水平中的应用及研制[J].新疆石油天然气,2011,7(3):25-28,37.CHEN Ruoming,CHEN Yong,LUO Wei,et al.Application of magnetic guidance technology in SAGD double horizontal well and development [J].Xinjiang Oil & Gas,2011,7(3):25-28,37.

查找原文

参考文献 11

刁斌斌,高德利.螺线管随钻测距导向系统[J].石油学报,2011,32(6):1061-1066.DIAO Binbin,GAO Deli.A solenoid ranging guidance system while drilling[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2011,32(6):1061-1066.

查找原文

参考文献 12

刁斌斌,高德利,吴志永.双水平井导向钻井磁测距计算方法[J].中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),2011,35(6):71-75.DIAO Binbin,GAO Deli,WU Zhiyong.Magnet ranging calculation method of twin parallel horizontal wells steerable drilling[J].Journal of China University of Petroleum(Edition of Natural Science),2011,35(6):71-75.

查找原文

参考文献 13

GAO Deli,DIAO Binbin,WU Zhiyong,et al.Research into magnetic guidance technology for directional drilling in SAGD horizontal wells[J].Petroleum Science,2013,10(4):500-506.

查找原文

参考文献 14

宗艳波,王磊,史晓锋.SAGD 成对水平井磁导向测距仪研制与应用 [J].石油学报,2016,37(11):1428-1434.ZONG Yanbo,WANG Lei,SHI Xiaofeng.Development and application of magnetic positioning system for SAGD pairing horizontal well[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2016,37(11):1428-1434.

查找原文

参考文献 15

DIAO Binbin,GAO Deli.A magnet ranging calculation method for steerable drilling in build-up sections of twin parallel horizontal wells[J].Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering,2015(27):1702-1709.

查找原文

参考文献 16

DIAO Binbin,GAO Deli.A new rotating magnet ranging method for drilling twin parallel horizontal SAGD wells[J].Petroleum Science and Technology,2013,31(24):2643-2651.

查找原文

摘要

双水平井是高效开发重油、油砂和天然气水合物等非常规油气资源的先进井型,具有广阔的应用前景。双水平井斜井段的邻井距离精确测量和精细控制,有助于提高应用蒸汽辅助重力泄油技术开发非常规油气资源的效果。根据 TSP-RMRS(two sensor packages-rotating magnet ranging system) 的工作原理,以适用于双水平井水平井段的 TSP-RMRS 测距算法为基础,提出考虑会聚角和异面夹角影响的 TSP-RMRS 测距算法。通过模拟试验,分析磁短节到两组传感器的轴向距离、会聚角和异面夹角对计算结果的影响。结果表明:当磁短节到两组传感器的轴向距离同时小于等于两组传感器的间距时,磁短节不需要随钻头钻进一定距离,应用 TSP-RMRS 就可以快速实现双水平井斜井段邻井距离的精确测量。

Abstract

The pattern of twin parallel horizontal wells is an advanced well type for the efficient development of unconventional oil and gas resources such as heavy oil, oil sands and natural gas hydrates, and has broad application prospective. Accurate measurement and fine control of the adjacent well distance of the twin parallel horizontal wells are essential for the effective application of the steam-assisted gravity drainage (SAGD) technique to develop unconventional oil and gas resources. In this study, based on the principle of the two sensor packages-rotating magnet-ranging system (TSP-RMRS), a TSP-RMRS ranging algorithm considering the influence of convergence angle and off-angle angle was proposed, and the influence of the axial distance, the convergence angle and the angle of the different faces on the calculation results of the well distance was analyzed. The results show that, when the axial distances between the magnetic sub and the two sensor packages are less than or equal to the distance between the two sensor packages and the magnetic sub does not drill a certain distance with the drill bit, accurate measurements of adjacent well distance in the build-up sections of the SAGD wells can be achieved quickly by using the TSP-RMRS calculation method.

关键词

蒸汽辅助重力泄油；双水平井；斜井段；邻井距离；磁导向

Keywords

SAGD ； twin parallel horizontal wells ； build-up section ； adjacent well distance ； magnetic-ranging

蒸汽辅助重力泄油( SAGD)双水平井技术由Butler和Stephens ^[1]提出以来,已在重油和油砂的开发中得到了广泛应用,同时在未来天然气水合物的高效开发中也具有潜在的应用前景。目前,SAGD双水井钻井技术在中国辽河油田和新疆风城油田等重油开发矿场试验中效果显著^[2-5]。但是现场实践中发现,仅在注入井水平井段使用磁导向钻井技术, 仍难保障整个水平井段的邻井距离都达到设计要求,亟需在注入井斜井段实现磁导向钻井^[6]。目前,可以用于引导注入井沿生产井平行钻进的工具主要是MGT( magnetic guidance tool) ^[7-8] 和RMRS(rotating magnet ranging system) ^[8-9]。中国对该类工具的研究起步较晚,特别是研发的基于旋转磁场随钻测量的测距导向技术已在钻井现场取得应用实效^[10-14]。为了实现在注入井斜井段实现磁导向钻井,研究者提出了考虑会聚角和异面夹角影响的RMRS测距算法^[15]。然而,该方法需要磁短节随钻头钻进一段距离才能得到正钻井到已钻井的距离和方向,需要钻进的距离随邻井距离的增加而增加,不仅增加了钻井周期,而且钻进方向的改变和磁短节井下位置的记录误差也会影响计算结果的精度。针对以上问题,笔者以TSP-RMRS ^[16]用于双水平井水平井段测距算法为基础,进一步探讨考虑会聚角和异面夹角的TSP-RMRS测距算法,以实现双水平井斜井段空间相对位置的快速测量。
1 TSP-RMRS的工作原理
与RMRS的硬件组成相似,TSP-RMRS的硬件也主要由磁短节、探管、接口箱和计算机组成。如图1所示,与RMRS不同的是,TSP-RMRS探管的内部有两个三轴交变磁场传感器、一个三轴重力加速度传感器,其中一个三轴交变磁场传感器靠近探管的止端,另一个三轴交变磁场传感器和三轴重力加速度传感器靠近探管的接线端,而且两个交变磁场传感器之间相隔一定的距离d ^[16]。如图2所示,测量时,磁短节直接与钻头相连,在注入井中随钻头的旋转而旋转,但是不需要沿井眼延伸方向移动;探管由井下牵引器或修井油管等下入预先钻好的生产井中,主要作用是探测井下的地磁场、重力场、温度和由磁短节旋转产生的两组交变磁场感应强度三轴分量数据,并将记录的数据通过电缆传输到地面的接口箱,进而传输到计算机中安装的测距导向计算软件,计算注入井与生产井的空间相对位置;然后,结合注入井与生产井的测斜数据,定向井工程师可以不断调整注入井的井眼轨迹按设计要求钻进。
图1 探管内部三轴传感器排列示意图
Fig.1 Arrangement diagram of all three-axis sensor in probe
图2 TSP-RMRS工作示意图
Fig.2 Operational diagram of TSP-RMRS
2 双水平井快速磁测距算法
在双水平井斜井段,两口井不断靠近,而且并不总是在同一平面上,可以把这两口井斜井段的空间位置关系分解为共面会聚和异面两种情况,并可以用会聚角 α 表征两口井测量井段的会聚程度,用异面夹角 β 表征两口井测量井段的异面程度^[15]。如图3所示,以磁短节的中心为原点 O,以井眼延伸方向为w轴,以磁短节到已钻井的径向为 r 轴,q 轴同时正交于w轴和 r 轴,建立O-rqw坐标系;以磁短节到传感器组Ⅰ的径向为 r₁ 轴,q₁ 轴同时正交于w轴和 r₁ 轴,建立O-r₁q₁w坐标系;以磁短节到传感器组Ⅱ的径向为 r₂ 轴,q₂ 轴同时正交于w轴和 r₂ 轴, 建立O-r₂q_2w 坐标系。传感器组Ⅰ在 O-r₁q₁w坐标系中的坐标为( r₁, 0, w₁);传感器组Ⅱ在O-r₂q₂w坐标系中的坐标为(r₂, 0, w₂)。
图3 磁短节与探管的空间位置关系
Fig.3 Spatial position relation between magnetic sub and probe
由磁短节产生的磁场感应强度在传感器组Ⅰ处的 r₁ 轴和w轴分量的幅值^[16]可表示为

|B_{r 1}| = \frac{μ m [2 {(r_{1} / w_{1})}^{2} - 1]}{4 π w_{1}^{3} {[1 + {(r_{1} / w_{1})}^{2}]}^{5 / 2}}

(1)

|B_{w 1}| = \frac{3 μ m (r_{1} / w_{1})}{4 π w_{1}^{3} {[1 + {(r_{1} / w_{1})}^{2}]}^{5 / 2}}

(2)

同理,由磁短节产生的磁场感应强度在传感器组Ⅱ处的 r₂ 轴和w轴分量的幅值可表示为

|B_{r 2}| = \frac{μ m [2 {(r_{2} / w_{2})}^{2} - 1]}{4 π w_{2}^{3} {[1 + {(r_{2} / w_{2})}^{2}]}^{5 / 2}}

(3)

|B_{w 2}| = \frac{3 μ m (r_{2} / w_{2})}{4 π w_{2}^{3} {[1 + {(r_{2} / w_{2})}^{2}]}^{5 / 2}}

(4)

k_{1} = \frac{r_{1}}{w_{1}}

(5)

k_{2} = \frac{r_{2}}{w_{2}}

(6)

由式(1)、(2)和(5)可得

k_{1} = \frac{3 (\frac{|B_{r 1}|}{|B_{w 1}|}) \pm {[9 {(\frac{|B_{r 1}|}{|B_{w 1}|})}^{2} + 8]}^{1 / 2}}{4} .

(7)

式中,当w₁>0时,取“+”号;当w₁<0时,取“-”号。
由式(3)、(4)和(6)可得

k_{2} = \frac{3 (\frac{|B_{r 2}|}{|B_{w 2}|}) \pm {[9 {(\frac{|B_{r 2}|}{|B_{w 2}|})}^{2} + 8]}^{1 / 2}}{4} .

(8)

式中,当w₂>0时,取“+”号;当w₂<0时,取“-”号。
如图4所示,以探管上端传感器组中心为原点, 以注入井井眼高边方向和延伸方向分别为h₁ 轴和w₁ 轴,l₁ 轴同时正交于h₁ 轴和w₁ 轴,建立h₁l₁w₁ 直角坐标系;h₁ 轴到u₁ 轴的夹角 A_hu1 为135°,v₁ 轴同时正交于u₁ 轴和w₁ 轴,建立u₁v₁w₁ 直角坐标系。以探管上端三轴磁通门传感器的三个轴建立x₁y₁z₁ 直角坐标系,其中z₁ 轴与探管的轴线重合,并指向探管尾端。
由探管上端传感器组检测到的由磁短节产生磁场的三轴磁感应强度分量 B_x1、B_y1 和 B_z1 可得

\begin{matrix} (B_{u 1} B_{v 1} B_{w 1}) = (\begin{matrix} B_{x 1} & B_{y 1} & B_{z 1} \end{matrix}) {ω} \{A_{d}\} \{I_{d}\} \{A_{h u}\}, \end{matrix}

(9)

\begin{matrix} (B_{u 2} B_{v 2} B_{w 2} \end{matrix}) = (\begin{matrix} B_{x 2} B_{y 2} B_{z 2} \end{matrix}) {ω} \{A_{d}\} \{I_{d}\} \{A_{h u}\},

(10)

|B_{r 1}| = m a x (\sqrt{B_{u 1}^{2} + B_{v 1}^{2}}),

(11)

B_{r 2} ∣ = m a x (\sqrt{B_{u 2}^{2} + B_{v 2}^{2}})

(12)

其中
$\begin{matrix} {ω} = [\begin{matrix} c o s ω & s i n ω & 0 \\ - s i n ω & c o s ω & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 1 \end{matrix}], \\ \{A_{d}\} = [\begin{matrix} c o s (I_{p} - I_{i}) & 0 & - s i n (I_{p} - I_{i}) \\ 0 & 1 & 0 \\ s i n (I_{p} - I_{i}) & 0 & c o s (I_{p} - I_{i}) \end{matrix}], \\ \{I_{d}\} = [\begin{matrix} 1 & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & c o s (A_{p} - A_{i}) & s i n (A_{p} - A_{i}) \\ 0 & - s i n (A_{p} - A_{i}) & c o s (A_{p} - A_{i}) \end{matrix}], \\ \{A_{h u}\} = [\begin{matrix} c o s A_{h u} & - s i n A_{h u} & 0 \\ s i n A_{h u} & c o s A_{h u} & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 1 \end{matrix}] . \end{matrix}$
式中,ω 为探管重力工具面角,(°);I_p 和 I_i 分别为生产井和注入井的井斜角,(°);A_p 和 A_i 分别为生产井和注入井的方位角,(°)。
图4 磁短节与传感器组Ⅰ的相对方位
Fig.4 Relative orientation between magnetic sub and sensor packageⅠ
由SAGD双水平井设计轨道的要求可知,0<A_ur1<90°。因此,u₁ 轴到 r₁ 轴夹角 A_ur1 ^[16]可表示为

\begin{matrix} A_{u r 1} = \frac{1}{2} a r c c o s \{\frac{[{(2 r_{1}^{2} - w_{1}^{2})}^{2} + {(r_{1}^{2} + w_{1}^{2})}^{2}]}{[{(2 r_{1}^{2} - w_{1}^{2})}^{2} - {(r_{1}^{2} + w_{1}^{2})}^{2}]} \times \\ \frac{({|B_{u 1}|}^{2} - {|B_{v 1}|}^{2})}{({|B_{u 1}|}^{2} + {|B_{v 1}|}^{2})}\}, \end{matrix}

(13)

由式( 13) 和角 A_hu1 可得 h₁ 轴到 r₁ 轴夹角 A_hr1 为

\begin{matrix} A_{h r 1} = 135^{\circ} + \frac{1}{2} a r c c o s \{\frac{[{(2 r_{1}^{2} - w_{1}^{2})}^{2} + {(r_{1}^{2} + w_{1}^{2})}^{2}]}{[{(2 r_{1}^{2} - w_{1}^{2})}^{2} - {(r_{1}^{2} + w_{1}^{2})}^{2}]} \times \\ \frac{({|B_{u 1}|}^{2} - {|B_{v 1}|}^{2})}{({|B_{u 1}|}^{2} + {|B_{v 1}|}^{2})} \end{matrix}

(14)

\begin{matrix} A_{h r 1} = 135^{\circ} + \frac{1}{2} a r c c o s \{\frac{[{(2 k_{1}^{2} - 1)}^{2} + {(k_{1}^{2} + 1)}^{2}]}{[{(2 k_{1}^{2} - 1)}^{2} - {(k_{1}^{2} + 1)}^{2}]} \times \\ \frac{({|B_{u 1}|}^{2} - {|B_{v 1}|}^{2})}{({|B_{u 1}|}^{2} + {|B_{v 1}|}^{2})}\} \end{matrix}

(15)

同理可得

\begin{matrix} A_{h r 2} = 135^{\circ} + \frac{1}{2} a r c c o s \{\frac{[{(2 k_{2}^{2} - 1)}^{2} + {(k_{2}^{2} + 1)}^{2}]}{[{(2 k_{2}^{2} - 1)}^{2} - {(k_{2}^{2} + 1)}^{2}]} \times \\ \frac{({|B_{u 2}|}^{2} - {|B_{v 2}|}^{2})}{({|B_{u 2}|}^{2} + {|B_{v 2}|}^{2})} \end{matrix}

(16)

2.1 共面会聚
当SAGD双水平井斜井段共面会聚(α>0,且 β=0)时,r 轴、r₁ 轴和 r₂ 轴共面。如图5所示,点A和B分别代表传感器组Ⅰ和Ⅱ的中心点;点 A 和 B 在w轴上的投影分别为点 M 和 N;线段 EF 平行于 h 轴;线段 EF 垂直于线段 BF;g 轴指向点 A 的铅垂线方向。在O-rqw坐标系中,点 A、B、M、N 和 E 的坐标分别为(r₁,0,w₁)、( r₂,0,w₂)、(0,0,w₁)、(0, 0,w₂)和(r₁,0,w₂)。
图5 两口井斜井段共面会聚时磁短节与探管相对位置的计算模型
Fig.5 Computational model for relative position between magnetic sub and probe when build-up sections of SAGD wells being coplanar
由图5可知:

γ = 180^{\circ} - A_{h r 2},

(17)

δ = I_{i} + φ,

(18)

c o s α = c o s θ c o s φ

(19)

c o s I_{p} = c o s θ c o s δ,

(20)

c o s γ = \frac{- c o s φ c o s α + c o s θ}{s i n φ s i n α} .

(21)

由式(16)~(18)可得

α = a r c c o s [\frac{c o s I_{p} c o s φ}{c o s I_{i} c o s φ - s i n I_{i} {(1 - {c o s}^{2} φ)}^{1 / 2}}]

(22)

由式(15)~(19)可得

c o s φ = {(\frac{{c o s}^{2} I_{p} + {s i n}^{2} I_{i} {c o s}^{2} A_{h r 2}}{{c o s}^{2} A_{h r 2} + {s i n}^{2} A_{h r 2} {c o s}^{2} I_{p}})}^{1 / 2}

(23)

联立式(22)和(23)即可求得 α。同时,由图5可知:

w_{2} - w_{1} = d c o s α

(24)

r_{1} = r - w_{1} t a n α,

(25)

r_{2} = r - w_{2} t a n α

(26)

联立式(5)、(6)和(22)~(24)可得

r = \frac{d (k_{2} c o s α + s i n α) (k_{1} - t a n α)}{k_{1} - k_{2}}

(27)

r_{1} = \frac{d k_{1} (k_{2} c o s α + s i n α)}{k_{1} - k_{2}}

(28)

w_{1} = \frac{d (k_{2} c o s α + s i n α)}{k_{1} - k_{2}} .

(29)

由于此时两口井的测量井段共面,因此正钻井井眼高边方向到 r 的夹角 A_hr 等于 A_hr1 和 A_hr2 的值。
2.2 异面
当SAGD双水平井斜井段异面(α=0且 β>0) 时,如图6所示。在O-rqw 坐标系中,点 C 和 D 的坐标分别为(r,0,w₁)和(r,0,w₂)。
图6 两口井斜井段异面时磁短节与探管相对位置的计算模型
Fig.6 Computational model for relative position between magnetic sub and probe when build-up sections of SAGD wells being no-coplanar
由图6可知:

\frac{|w_{1}|}{|w_{2}|} = \frac{L_{A C}}{L_{B D}} = \frac{L_{A C} / r}{L_{B D} / r} = \frac{\tan η_{1}}{\tan η_{2}}

(30)

式中,L_AC和 L_BD分别为线段 AC 和 BD 的长度。

r_{1} = \frac{r}{\cos η_{1}},

(31)

r_{2} = \frac{r}{\cos η_{2}},

(32)

η_{1} + η_{2} = |A_{h r 1} - A_{h r 2}|

(33)

w_{2} - w_{1} = d c o s β,

(34)

\frac{L_{A C} + L_{B D}}{d} = s i n β

(35)

L_{A C} = r t a n η_{1},

(36)

L_{B D} = r t a n η_{2},

(37)

A_{h r} = \{\begin{matrix} A_{h r 1} - η_{1}, A_{h r 1} > A_{h r 2} \\ A_{h r 1} + η_{1}, A_{h r 1} < A_{h r 2} . \end{matrix}

(38)

联立式(5)、(6)、(31)和(32)可得

w_{1} = \frac{r}{k_{1} c o s η_{1}}

(39)

w_{2} = \frac{r}{k_{2} c o s η_{2}}

(40)

联立式(30)、(39)和(40)可得

\frac{\sin η_{1}}{\sin η_{2}} = \frac{|k_{2}|}{|k_{1}|}

(41)

结合 η₁ 和 η₂的取值范围,联立式(33)和(41) 可求得 η₁ 和 η₂。将求得的 A_hr1、角 A_hr2 和 η₁ 的值代入式(38),即可求得角 A_hr。
由式(35)~(37)可得

r (t a n η_{1} + t a n η_{2}) = d s i n β

(42)

联立式(34)、(39)和(40)可得

r (\frac{1}{k_{2} c o s η_{2}} - \frac{1}{k_{1} c o s η_{1}}) = d c o s β

(43)

联立式(42)和(43)可得

r = \frac{d}{{[{(t a n η_{1} + t a n η_{2})}^{2} + {(\frac{1}{k_{2} c o s η_{2}} - \frac{1}{k_{1} c o s η_{1}})}^{2}]}^{1 / 2}}

(44)

将求得的 k₁、k₂、η₁、η₂ 以及 d 代入式(44)即可求得正钻井到探管径向间距 r。
3 模拟试验结果
如图7所示,模拟磁短节和测试小车都放到无磁支架上,探管放于支架下方。测试小车可以带动模拟磁短节旋转,从而模拟磁短节随钻头在井下旋转。测量过程中无磁支架不动,模拟磁短节摆放的倾斜角为90.3°、方位角为192°,并通过调整探管摆放的姿态改变会聚角 α 和异面夹角 β。每次测量时,磁短节都在测试小车的驱动下以一定的角速度旋转,测试小车在无磁支架上不移动。每次测量后, 测试小车在无磁支架上移动0.25m。
当模拟两口井斜井段共面会聚且 α 等于5°、角 β 等于0°时,探管检测到的z轴(即探管的轴线方向)磁感应强度信号如图8所示。由图8可知,每次测量得到的z轴磁感应强度信号的幅值基本保持不变。因此无法由z轴磁感应强度信号的幅值定性判断两口的会聚/发散和异面的程度。
图7 试验中的TSP-RMRS模拟装置
Fig.7 Simulated TSP-RMRS in experiment
图8 探管记录的轴向磁感应强度随时间的变化
Fig.8 Variation in axial magnetic induction intensity over time recorded by probe
当 β 等于0°、α 取不同值时,模拟磁短节到探管径向间距 r 和角 A_hr 的计算值与真实值,结果如图9所示。当角 α 等于0°、角 β 取不同值时,模拟磁短节到探管径向间距和 A_hr 的计算值与真实值如图10所示。由图9和10可知,w₁ 的变化对模拟磁短节到探管径向间距 r 的计算精度具有很大影响,然而w₁ 的变化对 A_hr 的计算精度影响较小; 当探管检测到的信号具有较好质量时,模拟磁短节到探管径向间距对 r 和 A_hr 的计算精度影响较小;当-d≤w₁≤0时,模拟磁短节到两组传感器的轴向距离同时小于等于两组传感器的间距,此时由本文中介绍的测距算法得到的 r 和 A_hr 都具有很好的计算精度。在实际应用中,可以通过调整探管下放井深,达到磁短节到探管内部两组传感器的轴向距离同时小于等于两组传感器间距的目标。因此本文中的测距算法可以用于SAGD双水平井导向钻井工程。同时,综合考虑SAGD双水平井设计间距、探管井深测量误差和探管结构的抗弯强度,建议探管内部两组传感器的间距 d 设计为5m。
图9 α 不同时 r 和 A_hr 的计算值与真实值
Fig.9 Calculated and measured values for r and A_hr with different α values
图10 β 不同时 r 和 A_hr 的计算值与真实值
Fig.10 Calculated values and measured values for r and A_hr with different β values
4 结论
(1)SAGD双水平井斜井段邻井距离的精确测量与精细控制,有利于进一步提高两口井水平井段邻井距离的控制效果,而建立考虑斜井段两口井非平行空间位置关系的磁测距算法是实现斜井段邻井距离精确测量的关键。
(2) 提出的考虑会聚角和异面夹角影响的TSP-RMRS测距算法,适用于SAGD双水平井斜井段邻井距离的测量,同时不需要磁短节随钻头钻进一段距离,有利于提高邻井距离的计算精度。
(3)当磁短节到探管内部两组传感器的轴向距离同时小于等于两组传感器的间距时,SAGD双水平井斜井段的TSP-RMRS磁测距算法的计算精度可以满足钻井现场的实际需求。
参考文献
- [1] BUTLER R M,STEPHENS D J.The gravity drainage of steam-heated heavy oil to parallel horizontal wells [J].Journal of Canadian Petroleum Technology,1981,20(2):90-96.
- [2] 林晶,宋朝晖,罗煜恒,等.SAGD 水平井钻井技术[J].新疆石油天然气,2009,5(3):56-60.LIN Jing,SONG Zhaohui,LUO Yuheng,et al.SAGD horizontal well drilling technology [J].Xinjiang Oil & Gas,2009,5(3):56-60.
- [3] 杨睿,关志刚,蒋刚,等.新疆风城油田SAGD平行水平井钻井技术[J].石油机械,2009,37(8):79-82.YANG Rui,GUAN Zhigang,JIANG Gang,et al.Drilling technology of dual horizontal wells for SAGD of Fengcheng oilfield,Xinjiang [J].China Petroleum Machinery,2009,37(8):79-82.
- [4] 万亿,张祖海,盛春明,等.风城油田重18井区浅层SAGD双水平井钻井技术[J].探矿工程(岩土钻掘工程),2016,43(3):41-44.WAN Yi,ZHANG Zuhai,SHENG Chunming,et al.Shallow dual horizontal well drilling technology for SAGD in Zhong18 well area of Fengcheng Oilfield[J].Exploration Engineering(Rock & Soil Drilling and Tunneling),2016,43(3):41-44.
- [5] 何万军,木合塔尔,董宏,等.风城油田重37井区SAGD开发提高采收率技术[J].新疆石油地质,2015,36(4):483-486.HE Wanjun,MUHE Taer,DONG Hong,et al.EOR technologies of SAGD development in Zhong-37 wellblock,Fengcheng Oilfield,Junggar Basin[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2015,36(4):483-486.
- [6] 袁士义,王强.中国油田开发主体技术新进展与展望 [J].石油勘探与开发,2018,45(4):657-668.YUAN Shiyi,WANG Qiang.New progress and prospect of oilfields development technologies in China[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2018,45(4):657-668.
- [7] KUCKES A F,HAY R T,MCMAHON J,et al.New electromagnetic surveying/ranging method for drilling parallel horizontal twin wells[R].SPE 27466,1996.
- [8] GRILLS T L.Magnetic ranging technologies for drilling steam assisted gravity drainage well pairs and unique well geometries—a comparison of technologies [ R ].SPE 79005,2002.
- [9] NEKUT A G,KUCKES A F,PITZER R G.Rotating magnet ranging—a new drilling guidance technology [R].SPE CIM-01-01-MS,2001.
- [10] 陈若铭,陈勇,罗维,等.MGT 导向技术在SAGD双水平中的应用及研制[J].新疆石油天然气,2011,7(3):25-28,37.CHEN Ruoming,CHEN Yong,LUO Wei,et al.Application of magnetic guidance technology in SAGD double horizontal well and development [J].Xinjiang Oil & Gas,2011,7(3):25-28,37.
- [11] 刁斌斌,高德利.螺线管随钻测距导向系统[J].石油学报,2011,32(6):1061-1066.DIAO Binbin,GAO Deli.A solenoid ranging guidance system while drilling[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2011,32(6):1061-1066.
- [12] 刁斌斌,高德利,吴志永.双水平井导向钻井磁测距计算方法[J].中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),2011,35(6):71-75.DIAO Binbin,GAO Deli,WU Zhiyong.Magnet ranging calculation method of twin parallel horizontal wells steerable drilling[J].Journal of China University of Petroleum(Edition of Natural Science),2011,35(6):71-75.
- [13] GAO Deli,DIAO Binbin,WU Zhiyong,et al.Research into magnetic guidance technology for directional drilling in SAGD horizontal wells[J].Petroleum Science,2013,10(4):500-506.
- [14] 宗艳波,王磊,史晓锋.SAGD 成对水平井磁导向测距仪研制与应用 [J].石油学报,2016,37(11):1428-1434.ZONG Yanbo,WANG Lei,SHI Xiaofeng.Development and application of magnetic positioning system for SAGD pairing horizontal well[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2016,37(11):1428-1434.
- [15] DIAO Binbin,GAO Deli.A magnet ranging calculation method for steerable drilling in build-up sections of twin parallel horizontal wells[J].Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering,2015(27):1702-1709.
- [16] DIAO Binbin,GAO Deli.A new rotating magnet ranging method for drilling twin parallel horizontal SAGD wells[J].Petroleum Science and Technology,2013,31(24):2643-2651.

基本信息

中图分类号: TE21
文献标识码: A
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5005.2021.02.008
文章编号: 1673-5005(2021)02-0071-07

基金信息

国家科技重大专项课题(2017ZX05009-003)；
国家自然科学基金项目(51974336,51821092,U1762214)；

引用信息

刁斌斌,高德利,穆凡,等. 双水平井斜井段导向钻井快速磁测距计算方法[J]. 中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),2021,45(2):71-77.

DIAO Binbin, GAO Deli, MU Fan, et al. A fast magnetic-ranging calculation method for steerable drilling in bulid-up section of twin parallel horizontal wells [J]. Journal of China University of Petroleum(Edition of Natural Science),2021,45(2):71-77.

稿件历史

收稿日期: 2020-04-20

参考文献

[1] BUTLER R M,STEPHENS D J.The gravity drainage of steam-heated heavy oil to parallel horizontal wells [J].Journal of Canadian Petroleum Technology,1981,20(2):90-96.
[2] 林晶,宋朝晖,罗煜恒,等.SAGD 水平井钻井技术[J].新疆石油天然气,2009,5(3):56-60.LIN Jing,SONG Zhaohui,LUO Yuheng,et al.SAGD horizontal well drilling technology [J].Xinjiang Oil & Gas,2009,5(3):56-60.
[3] 杨睿,关志刚,蒋刚,等.新疆风城油田SAGD平行水平井钻井技术[J].石油机械,2009,37(8):79-82.YANG Rui,GUAN Zhigang,JIANG Gang,et al.Drilling technology of dual horizontal wells for SAGD of Fengcheng oilfield,Xinjiang [J].China Petroleum Machinery,2009,37(8):79-82.
[4] 万亿,张祖海,盛春明,等.风城油田重18井区浅层SAGD双水平井钻井技术[J].探矿工程(岩土钻掘工程),2016,43(3):41-44.WAN Yi,ZHANG Zuhai,SHENG Chunming,et al.Shallow dual horizontal well drilling technology for SAGD in Zhong18 well area of Fengcheng Oilfield[J].Exploration Engineering(Rock & Soil Drilling and Tunneling),2016,43(3):41-44.
[5] 何万军,木合塔尔,董宏,等.风城油田重37井区SAGD开发提高采收率技术[J].新疆石油地质,2015,36(4):483-486.HE Wanjun,MUHE Taer,DONG Hong,et al.EOR technologies of SAGD development in Zhong-37 wellblock,Fengcheng Oilfield,Junggar Basin[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2015,36(4):483-486.
[6] 袁士义,王强.中国油田开发主体技术新进展与展望 [J].石油勘探与开发,2018,45(4):657-668.YUAN Shiyi,WANG Qiang.New progress and prospect of oilfields development technologies in China[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2018,45(4):657-668.
[7] KUCKES A F,HAY R T,MCMAHON J,et al.New electromagnetic surveying/ranging method for drilling parallel horizontal twin wells[R].SPE 27466,1996.
[8] GRILLS T L.Magnetic ranging technologies for drilling steam assisted gravity drainage well pairs and unique well geometries—a comparison of technologies [ R ].SPE 79005,2002.
[9] NEKUT A G,KUCKES A F,PITZER R G.Rotating magnet ranging—a new drilling guidance technology [R].SPE CIM-01-01-MS,2001.
[10] 陈若铭,陈勇,罗维,等.MGT 导向技术在SAGD双水平中的应用及研制[J].新疆石油天然气,2011,7(3):25-28,37.CHEN Ruoming,CHEN Yong,LUO Wei,et al.Application of magnetic guidance technology in SAGD double horizontal well and development [J].Xinjiang Oil & Gas,2011,7(3):25-28,37.
[11] 刁斌斌,高德利.螺线管随钻测距导向系统[J].石油学报,2011,32(6):1061-1066.DIAO Binbin,GAO Deli.A solenoid ranging guidance system while drilling[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2011,32(6):1061-1066.
[12] 刁斌斌,高德利,吴志永.双水平井导向钻井磁测距计算方法[J].中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),2011,35(6):71-75.DIAO Binbin,GAO Deli,WU Zhiyong.Magnet ranging calculation method of twin parallel horizontal wells steerable drilling[J].Journal of China University of Petroleum(Edition of Natural Science),2011,35(6):71-75.
[13] GAO Deli,DIAO Binbin,WU Zhiyong,et al.Research into magnetic guidance technology for directional drilling in SAGD horizontal wells[J].Petroleum Science,2013,10(4):500-506.
[14] 宗艳波,王磊,史晓锋.SAGD 成对水平井磁导向测距仪研制与应用 [J].石油学报,2016,37(11):1428-1434.ZONG Yanbo,WANG Lei,SHI Xiaofeng.Development and application of magnetic positioning system for SAGD pairing horizontal well[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2016,37(11):1428-1434.
[15] DIAO Binbin,GAO Deli.A magnet ranging calculation method for steerable drilling in build-up sections of twin parallel horizontal wells[J].Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering,2015(27):1702-1709.
[16] DIAO Binbin,GAO Deli.A new rotating magnet ranging method for drilling twin parallel horizontal SAGD wells[J].Petroleum Science and Technology,2013,31(24):2643-2651.

分享给微信好友或者朋友圈

使用微信“扫一扫”功能。

双水平井斜井段导向钻井快速磁测距计算方法

A fast magnetic-ranging calculation method for steerable drilling in bulid-up section of twin parallel horizontal wells

摘要

Abstract

关键词

Keywords

1 TSP-RMRS的工作原理

2 双水平井快速磁测距算法

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

(6)

(7)

(8)

(9)

(10)

(11)

(12)

(13)

(14)

(15)

(16)

2.1 共面会聚

(17)

(18)

(19)

(20)

(21)

(22)

(23)

(24)

(25)

(26)

(27)

(28)

(29)

2.2 异面

(30)

(31)

(32)

(33)

(34)

(35)

(36)

(37)

(38)

(39)

(40)

(41)

(42)

(43)

(44)

3 模拟试验结果

4 结论

参考文献

基本信息

基金信息

引用信息

稿件历史

参考文献