泄漏原油沿河岸滞留行为

Retention behavior of spilled oil along riverbank

关键词:  输油管道  原油扩散  吸附  滞留  岸栖植物

Key words:  oil pipeline  crude oil diffusion  adsorption  retention  riparian vegetation

摘要:

为研究输油管道泄漏事故发生后,河面漂浮原油在河岸的滞留行为与影响因素,通过河流动态模拟试验,设置流速、岸型、植被种类及覆盖量等变量,研究不同工况下河岸砂土吸附量与总滞留量的变化规律。结果表明:河岸砂土的吸附量及滞留量会随水面流速增大而增大;柔性植物河岸相对于刚性植物河岸与无植物河岸更易滞留原油,滞留量约为刚性植物河岸的2.87～6.19倍,无植物河岸的4.37～10.01倍;植被覆盖量增大会使河岸滞留量增大,但会减小刚性植物河岸吸附量,增加柔性植物河岸吸附量;岸型不同会导致水流状态不同,对原油登陆河岸会有较特殊的作用。

Abstract:

To study the retention behavior and influencing factors of crude oil along riverbank after an oil spill, by controlling variables including flow velocity, bank type, vegetation type and coverage in a dynamic circulating channel, the variation of substrate adsorption and riparian oil-holding capacity under different conditions were studied. The results show that, the adsorption and retention amounts of the sand(plant-free) banks rise with the increase of the water flow rate. Flexible plant banks are more likely to retain crude oil than rigid plant banks and plant-free banks. The oil-holding capacity is about 2.87 to 6.19 times of rigid plant banks, and around 4.37 to 10.01 times of plant-free banks. Increasing vegetation coverage would increase the riparian retention, but might reduce the amount of substrate adsorption of rigid plant banks while increase the substrate adsorption of flexible plant banks. The bank morphology would have special effect on the landing behavior of oil due to the change in flow pattern along the river margin areas.