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Research progress and prospectives of supercritical CO2 thickening technology
SUN Baojiang, SUN Wenchao
(School of Petroleum Engineering in China University of Petroleum, Qingdao 266580, China)
Abstract:
CO2 can be used as a fracturing fluid for shale gas development, in which effective thickening agents are needed to increase the viscosity of the supercritical CO2 fluid. The state of the art for the techniques used for CO2 thickening was reviewed and assessed, including various mechanisms involved in CO2 thickening for its application in oil and gas industry and different thickening agents investigated in terms of their dissolution and intermolecular interactions with CO2. The working mechanisms and molecular design methods used for selecting and design CO2 thickening agents and the main difficulties involved were analyzed and summarized. It is proposed that novel amphiphilic oligomer surfactants and ester compounds are prospective thickening agents worthy of studying, and low density proppants can be used in supercritical CO2 fracturing along with the thickening agents. The research progresses on the dissolution mechanism of fluorinated compounds in CO2 and the solute-solvent interactions are useful for the development of non-fluorinated thickening agents. The molecular simulation method can provide theoretical guidance for molecular design of low cost and effective thickening agents.
Key words:  shale gas  supercritical CO2  fracturing stimulation  thickening mechanisms  molecular simulation