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Identification of 3 strains of crude oil degradation bacteria and its characteristics of degradation and oil-displacement
MA Xin1, GAO Hui1, ZHANG Junhui1, WANG Ping2, XUE Quanhong1
(1.College of Natural Resource and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China;2.College of Earth Science and Resources, Chang 'an University, Xi 'an 710054, China)
Abstract:
The bacteria for microbial enhanced oil recovery (MEOR) were screened, and then the characteristics of degradation, fermentation and oil-displacement of the bacteria were investigated in this study. One crude oil as the sole carbon source was used to isolate the crude oil degrading strains by improved dilution-plate method. The bacteria strains with MEOR potential were screened through observing the change of bacteria colony growth in the plates and crude oil properties in fermentation flask. Then the strains were identified through the colony and cell morphology, physiological-biochemical tests and 16S rDNA sequence analysis. Also, the influences of strains on the chemical composition of crude oil were analyzed by using the gas chromatography and alumina column chromatography. Meanwhile, the oil displacement efficiency of the fermentation broth after bacteria fermentation was studied using the indoor simulation experiment. It is found that 3 strains with enhanced oil recovery potential of the 17 bacteria strains, which were isolated from the crude oil and oily soil, were screened for the follow-up tests, which were identified as Dietzia cerrcidiphylli (X10), Micrococcus yunnanensis (X19) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (X22), respectively. The 3 strains of bacteria significantly change the chemical composition of crude oil. The asphaltene degradation rate of X19 reaches as high as 65.7%. The degradation of resin and aromatic hydrocarbon of X10 reaches 84.4% and 32.15%, respectively. And the saturated hydrocarbon of X10, X19 and X22 is increased at different levels. It is also found that glycolipid surfactant could be produced by X22. The fermentation broth of X22 shows that its oil replacement efficiency is 33.5% higher than water in the indoor simulation experiment, and the oil replacement efficiency is high in the low permeability or heterogeneous simulation medium. It is concluded that the 3 strains of bacteria have good potential of oil replacement, especially Pseudomonas aeruginosa with the excellent performance in the indoor simulation experiment, which is good for the study and application of MEOR.
Key words:  microbial enhanced oil recovery (MEOR)  petroleum  bacteria  bio-surfactant